Sumitomo Mitsui DS Asset Management
Published
22/01/2026
Read time 11 minutes
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Highlights:
  • In the goods sector, Japan’s Trade Specialisation Index (TSI) indicates comparative advantages in autos, steel, machinery and related areas, suggesting that the international competitiveness of Japanese manufacturing remains solid.
  • Innovation is accelerating in automotive electrification and humanoid robotics, and global competition is intensifying as Chinese companies strengthen their capabilities. Even so, Japanese companies still have scope to regain momentum through business-model adjustments.
  • In the services sector, the TSI shows a standout comparative advantage in travel, with inbound demand supporting Japan’s earning power. The digital category, by contrast, shows a significant comparative disadvantage. Going forward, the key will be to raise value added and improve monetisation in areas of strength such as content, while making effective use of overseas technology.
  • Japanese companies’ overseas expansion is translating into earnings, with Japan’s outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rate of return remaining high relative to major economies. With the domestic business environment also improving, opportunities for Japanese firms to capitalise on their potential appear to be expanding.

With the new year underway, I revisit the international competitiveness of Japanese companies from macro and sector-level perspectives, as part of assessing the outlook for Japan’s economy and equities in 2026.


To gauge Japan’s international competitiveness, I track the Trade Specialisation Index (TSI) on a regular basis. TSI is calculated using export and import values for each sector or product category as (exports − imports) divided by (exports + imports). Readings closer to +1 indicate a comparative advantage, while readings closer to -1 indicate a comparative disadvantage. By comparing TSI over time across major regions and key traded products, we can capture one aspect of how the global competitive landscape is evolving.

 

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